Discovery of Carbonatite in the Fanshan Alkaline Igneous Complex in Hebei Province, China

Abstract:

The Fanshan complex is central type alkaline ultrabasic rock-alkaline rock intrusion. It was formed by three period intrusions and all period rocks was penetraed by carbonatites and synite vein rocks. The main type of the carbonatites rock includes: biotite calcite carbonatite, orthoclase-biotite calcite carbonatite, pyrite-calcite carbonatite and so on. Content of Strontium is 0.003364-0.019263, and content of Barium is 0.000323-0.000378 in the carbonatites. The REE is 0.000323-0.000551, and the (delta)Eu value is 0.99-1.1, and the (w(La)/w(Yb))_N ratio is 291.9-759.4 in the carbonatite. The (delta)¹⁸O value of the carbonatite is +0.0086-+0.0102, and the (delta)¹³C value of carbonatite is -0.0049. On the basic facts described above, it is thought that the carbonatite originated basically from magma.

Key words:

Fanshan; alkaline igneous complex; carbonatite

Mid-Holocene Paleoclimatic-Paleoenvironmental Changes in Zhejiang Province and Hemudu Ancients

Abstract:

The changes of Mid-Holocene paleoclimate-paleoenvironment along the eastern coast of Zhejiang province and its influence on the Hemudu Ancients are discussed in this paper. Results of the study indicate that the coming of Mid-Holocene megathermal maximum is an important factor for the domicile and the development of the Hemudu Ancients, and it is an favorable condition for the development of Hemudu oryzo-agriculture at that time. The divided periods of the paleoclimatic-paleoenvironmental changes in Zhejiang Province can be well correlated with the periods of the development of the Hemudu Ancients. The tropical climatic-environmental changes, including the aggravation of natural calamities caused by these changes, have great influence on the changes of the life of the Hemudu Ancients. Especially the process of the paleoclimatic-paleoenvironmental changes from slow cooling turning to rapid warming is probably one of the essential causes for the great change of the life of the Hemudu Ancients.

Key words:

paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; Hemudu ancients; Mid-Holocene

Some Clues of Remained Pieces of Paleoophiolites in the East Part of Dandong-Kuandian District

Abstract:

Based on the chemical composition and REE data of MORB-type amphibolites from South Liaohe Group in east part of Dandong-Kuandian District, it is proved that there have been a paleoocean basin between Langlin and Longgang Archaeozoic massifs. The discovery of ocean-born gabbroes, diabases and pyroxenites is definite clues to look for more remained pieces of paleoophiolites in this region.

Key words:

paleoophiolites; South Liaohe Group; Dandong-Kuandian

Fluid-Rock Equilibrium System of Archean Wanzi Rock Series in Taihang Mountains

Abstract:

The Archean metamorphic layering rock series in the Taihang Mountains consist mainly of Al-rich gneiss, various marbles, granulitites and others. There is marked difference in Equilibrium fluids' composition between Al-rich gneiss and marbles. Metamorphic fluid equilibrating with diopside-marble and fosterite-marble presents x(H₂O)=0.02-0.07, however, these equilibrating with Al-rich gneiss has higher water, x(H₂O)=0.27-0.747. There is a great disparity among different rocks in fluid composition in a small area. Fluid composition is controlled by lithology. The mole fraction of water in metamorphic fluid of Al-rich gneiss is higher and the one in marbles is extremely lower, implying that inner buffering plays a leading role in the fluid/rock equilibrium system of the Wanzi layering rock series. This forms a sharp contrast to the fluid/rock equilibrium system with infiltration playing a dominant role in the Fuping gneiss complex. The infiltration of the Fuping gneiss complex and buffering of the Wanzi layering rock series in the fluid/rock equilibrium system suggest that they formed at different tectonic levels of the earth.

Key words:

fluid composition; buffers; Wanzi layering rock series; Taihang mountains

Studies on Urban Total Air Pollutant Emission Control Planning in China

Abstract:

Urban air pollution is a quite severe problem in China. Imposing restriction on total emission quantity of air pollutants will be a major environmental management measure to have the situation control. Based on several case studies, the method of working out a total emission quantity plan for control of air pollution has been developed, and the concept of emission equivalent was introduced. The permitted total emission equivalent quantity of urban air pollutants and its distribution in urban area, which can be used as regional air pollution control index and can be allocated to each major pollution source to determinate its permitted emission quantity, can be worked out by making up regional air pollutants shift matrix and by using linear programming model. We have applied this method in the total emission quantity control plan of urban air pollutants and discovered that permitted emission quantity of urban air pollutants is in direct proportion to emission height's (alpha) power. (alpha) is a parameter that provide scientific basis for allocating total permitted emission quantity. It ranges from 0 to 1 and equals 0.80 in Jinan city.

Key words:

air pollution; control planning; total permitted emission quantity; area emission equivalent

The Neotectonic Movements of Enkai Fault Zone in Guangdong Province

Abstract:

Enkai fault zone is one of the important fault zones along the coast area of southeast China. The fault zone with the length of about 160km is mainly constituted by three approximately parallel NE faults (F₁ and F₂ incline to NW and F₃ incline to SE). In Tertiary the faults moved in a way of normal faulting. However, at the end of Tertiary or early Quaternary, the faults turned to be compressive ones by WNW-ESE strong horizontal force, resulting in compressive deformation along the whole fault zone. Probably because of weakening of the WNW-ESE compressive stress from middle Pleistocene and because of weakening tendency of compressive stress from the south to the north along the southeastern coast of China, compressive stress in the south segments of the fault zone is strong enough to make the faults move in a way of reverse faulting and form reverse faulting landform while compressive stress in the north segments of the fault zone is so weak compared to isostacy force as to make the fault blocks restart isostacy uplift, move in a way of normal faulting and form normal faulting landform. Because of the approximate equilibrium between isostacy and horizontal compressive force in the middle segments of the fault zone, the faults have kept relatively steady state, resulting in weak contrast landform. In about late Pleistocene, a series of NW faults in the fault zone came into being or reactivated. On one hand, these NW faults, due to small angle between their strike and main compressing stress axis, have relatively small friction stress on the fault surfaces so that they could be moved more easily and often offset NE faults, forming obstacles to the strike slip of NE faults. On the other hand, the movements of NW faults release some strain energy so that they weaken compressive stress on the NE fault surfaces. Both of them reduce the activity of NE faults.

Key words:

Enkai fault zone; active fault; regional stress field

Organic Matters from the Fossil-bearing Phosphorites of the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou, South China

Abstract:

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorite has been well known for its well-preserved multicellular thallophytes, animal embryos, acritarchs, bacteria and other organism's remains.An organic geochemical analysis of the fossil-bearing phosphorite samples has been carried out and yielded the following results:(1) the extracted organic matters show relatively high maturity, the maximum pyrolitic temperature (t_max) is 597^oC;(2) the extracted organic fractions are composed mainly of non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes, and the content of hydrocarbons less than 20%;(3) GC-MS analysis of the extracts shows a normal alkane distribution pattern with a wide range of carbon atom numbers, distinct peaks that represent the n-alkanes between n-C19 and n-C31 can be seen in the mass spectrum, an odd-even predominance of the alkanes is also distinct; (4) in addition to the alkanes, the hydrocarbons fractions contain terpane, steranes, aromatics and isoprenoids. The composition of the pounds, specially the biomarkers from the extracts of the phosphorite samples, indicate that the main sources of the organic matters are the non-vascular plants, protists, bacteria and archaeobacteria; these organisms lived in the basin during Neoproterozoic time, and their remains were preserved in the phosphate deposit. Some of the biomarkers indicate the depositional environment of the phosphorites: strong reduced condition, high salinity and low terrigenous input. Some aromatics, such as benzo-fluoranthrenes, methyl-phenathrene, pyrene and benzo-pyrene, were possibly formed and transported from local hydrothermal or volcanic activities of nearby region. These match well with the sedimentological observation.

Key words:

Neoproterozoic; phosphorite; biomarkers

A Study on Purification of the Eutrophic Water Body with Economical Plants Siollessly Cultivated on Artificial Substratum

Abstract:

The purification of eutrophic water body was studied by means of soilless cultiation technique on artificial substratum. In lab test, three spices plants: Oenanthe decumbens, Lolium multiflorum and Ipomoea aquatica. Forsk grew well and the removing rates of TN, NH₄-N, NO₃-N, TP, PO₄-P were as high as 80%. The soilless cultivation technique on artificial substratum was studied in order to purify the eutrophic water body and to get considerable economic benefit at the same time. The application prospect of the means was discussed also.

Key words:

artificial substratum; soilless cultivation; eutrophication; economic plant

Study on Niche and Community Succession of Submerged Macrophyte in Jing-Mi Canal, Beijing

Abstract:

Through field investigation, the niches of macrophyte such as Potamogeton crispus, Chara vertillibracteata, P.malaianus, Vallisneria spiralis have been carried on in Jing-mi Canal.Niche overlap among species causes species competition and exclusion among species, and niche separation among species causes species harmonic coexistence.The distribution of submerged macrophyte communities in the Jing-mi Canal results from the cooperation of niche overlap and separation.When perennial transporting water in the canal, P.crispus is due to temporal niche separation from other species and no other species to compete the space, becomes the dominant species;at the same time, Chara vertillibracteata winters in the way of dense netlike space structure and occupies quickly the spatial niche. When without transporting water in winter, Vallisneria spiralis L becomes the dominant species in soft silt and shallower water, but P.malaianus becomes the dominant species in hard silt and deeper water. The applications of Niche Theory in controlling the succession of weed community are discussed in this paper.

Key words:

submerged macrophyte; niche; succession

An Experimental Study for Atmospheric Chemistry of soprene with OH Radicals in the Presence of NO_x

Abstract:

The experimental simulation was employed to study the atmospheric chemistry of isoprene with OH radicals in the presence of NO_x, using long-path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) method. OH radical was produced from photodissociation of CH₃ONO under irradiation of black lights. Results showed that carbonyl compounds, organic nitrates, HCOOH and CO, were formed. Methacrolein (CH₂=C(CH₃)CHO), methyl vinyl ketone (CH₃C(O)CH=CH₂) and HCHO were identified. At the temperature of 298K and the pressure of 93.3kPa, yields of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone were (20.8+-1.5)% and (33.4+-2.2)% respectively. The pressure variation did not influence their yields. Finally the reaction of isoprene with OH radical in the presence of NO_x was discussed briefly.

Key words:

isoprene; OH radical; atmospheric chemical reaction

Diagenesis of the Jurassic Sandstone in the South to the Altyn Tagh

Abstract:

With numerous observations of thin sections and casting sections of the rocks, and the application of various analytical techniques including X ray diffraction, the main diagenesis, pore evolution and the characteristics of diagenetic sequence in the Jurassic reservoir sandstone in Tula Basin, southern Altyn Tagh, Xinjiang, are carefully studied. It is concluded that the pore evolution is both controlled by depositional conditions and affected by burial diagenesis. Compaction is the major factors turning the pore texture of the sandstone worse. Cementation of the carbonate is very weak in the early diagenesis period, and this make the dissolution weak too. The strong compaction and weak cementation are of importance that form the result of the worse reservoir space. Modified by tectonics, the clastic rocks became the better reservoir of oil and gas with its high porosity and permeability in the Tula Basin.

Key words:

Tula Basin; Jurassic; diagenesis; compaction; diagenetic stages

Zircon Evaporation Ages and Their Geological Significance from Granitoid of the Jianping Metamorphic Complex, Western Liaoning Province

Abstract:

Jianping metamorphic Complex, the lowest section of the Archaean terrain from the Western Liaoning Province, is composed of discontinuous supra-crustal rocks, an amount of TTG rocks and some other plutons. Single zircon ages for TTG series and some other plutons obtained by the Pb evaporation method show that intrusion of TTG series began at 2521Ma and reached a peak at about 2500Ma.This was followed by high-grade metamorphic and deformed event, transforming the above assemblages into graulites, charnockites and enderbites some 2483-2490Ma.The intrusion of post tectonic granites in 2472Ma associated with regional retrogression ends the evolution of this area. A likely tectonic setting in which the Jianping metamorphic Complex was formed is an active continental margin that is involved in continental collision and crustal thickening shortly after its formation.

Key words:

Zircon age; TTG suite; Jianping metamorphic Complex; western Liaoning Province

The Remote Sensing Study on the Characteristics of Forest-steppe Ecotone

Abstract:

Based on the NOAA AVHRR data and GIS software, we studied on the characteristics of forest-steppe ecotone in the southern edge of Inner Mongolia Plateau. The pattern of NDVI was analyzed through 12 monthly NOAA AVHRR data of the years 1992-1993.Meanwhile, we used standardized principal components as a compressed tool to analysis the working area. And then two principal components was extracted, we found that the component 1 stood for the cumulative NDVI which meant the total biomass; the component 2 represented the variance between the hot months and the cold months which amounted to the fluctuation from the growing periods to the un-growing periods. The component 1 was gradually increased vie the steppe to the forest coincide with the component 2. Finally, the working area was classified by the two principal components, the result of classification is satisfying. It proved that the standardized principal component method is an effective tool for classifying.

Key words:

ecotone; NDVI; principal component analysis

The Determination about Growth-pole System of Area Development in Hebei Province

Abstract:

Synthetic strength index of Beijing, Tianjin and 25 cities in Hebei province are calculated by using principle components analysis method in this article. On the basic of the index, grades of these cities are built and the growth-pole system about Hebei regional development is deduced with qualitative analysis.

Key words:

growth-pole; principal components analysis; grade

Study on Segmentation of Active Faults

Abstract:

Tectonic earthquakes are closely related to active faults. A large active fault, generally speaking, usually produces a great earthquake. Our research results show that destructive earthquakes only occur on some special parts or segments along active faults. So the most important thing for mitigation of earthquake hazards is to recognize earthquake-triggering segments by using the theory and method of active fault segmentation. Active faults have typical inconsistent characteristics of rupture and displacement along the faults in temporal and spatial distribution and leave some traces on surface and inner structure such as geomorphologic expression, structural feature, distribution of small earthquakes and rupture sign etc. Based on the characteristics, we may make assessment of earthquake risk in different segment along an active fault and predict the location and intensity of potential destructive earthquakes in future.

Key words:

active faults; earthquake; earthquake rupture segment

The Hydrothermal Sedimentary Genesis of Barite Deposits in West Hunan and East Guizhou

Abstract:

The super hydrothermal barite deposits occur in west Hunan and east Guizhou. The paper mainly deal with the characteristics of the sedimentary and geochemistry of barite. The results show that the abundant resources are from the hot spots of the crust of the continental margin in early Cambrian, and deposited the Si-P-Ba-PGE series. The Cambrian black shales sediment in anoxia environment, but the degree of reducing was low. The content of organic matter in barite is small, but it is primary. Ba was from the hydrothermal gas and liquid, and the organisms transverse and enrich Ba, and S was from the seawater fractionated by the organisms, the delta³⁴S are as 4.165%.

Key words:

organic geochemistry; barite; black shale series; hydrothermal sediment

Chemical Characteristics and Genesis of Major Ions in the Pearl River Basin

Abstract:

According to water chemistry data from 1959 to 1984 at 109 monitoring stations collected from the water yearbook edited by the Water Conservancy Ministry of China, the chemical characteristics and genesis of major ions of the Pearl River System were investigated. The results are as follows. The contents of total dissolved solids in the Dongjiang River are relatively low (about 66.1mg/L) and the hydro-chemical type is C^Na . The contents of total dissolved solids in the Xijiang River are relatively high (about 202.5mg/L) and the hydro-chemical type is C^Ca , and those of the Beijiang River are between these of Dongjiang and Xijiang. The ionic runoff modules in pearl River Basin are much higher than those in the other river basin of China. The composition of major ions in the Dongjiang is dominated by the weathering of alumno-silicates stones and the ionic composition in the Xijiang is dominated by the leaching of limestones.

Key words:

Chinese river; Pearl River; water chemistry; ionic runoff modulus

Method and Application of the Environmental Planning for Economic Development Zone under Uncertainty (I) Inexact Multiobjective Mixed Integer Programming Model and Its Algorithm

Abstract:

Based on the characteristics of the environmental planning for economic development zone, this paper proposes an Inexact Multiobjective Mixed Integer Programming (IMOMIP) model which can be applied to solve the problems of multiobjectives, dynamic and uncertainty, and an interactive algorithm which based on the Objective-Deviation-Tolerance-Level(ODTL) is developed to solve the model. The IMOMIP and its solution algorithm can reflect the uncerain information through the solution process and in the result, at the same time, the coordination of different objectives which did not possess clear correlation can be achieved.

Key words:

economic development zone; environmental planning; uncertainty; multiobjective; algorithm

Method and Application of the Environmental Planning for Economic Development Zone under Uncertainty (II) Environ-economic System Planning for Haicang Investment Zone

Abstract:

In this study, an Inexact Multiobjective Mixed Integer Programming (IMOMIP) model which can reflect the characteristics of the Haichang Investment Zone is established to do the work of environ-economic system planning. Based on the solutions of the model, the results such like the optimized dynamic industrial structure, allocation of the air pollutants discharge, allocation of water pollutants discharge, water resource utilization, waste water plant expansion and afforestation are obtained. At the same time, by means of dual linear programming, the paper also analyzes the restrict factors of the regional development.

Key words:

uncertainty; Haicang investment zone; environ-economic; system planning

The Study on the Slope Stability Near the Dam of ChenCun Reservoir

Abstract:

Since ChenCun dam was build, there have occurred some landslides near the dam, which do influence its security. What contribute to these landslides are such geological factors as faults, tension joints and bedding joints, and heavy rainfall during the rainy season. According to the structure of the landslides, they are divided into four types: slip-shear slide, burst slide, wedge slide and slump slide. After studying the relation of the precipitation during the rainy season and the number of landslides of every year (from 1982 to 1996), the author finds the majority of the landslides occurred in these rainy seasons when the precipitation is more than 600 mm or 650 mm. In order to assess the stability of the slopes near the Dam, some mathematical ways are used to calculate the general value of the slopes, which shows the stability of the slope. Based on the value, the slopes are divided into three types: the full-stable, the partly-stable and the non-stable. From these statd above, it can be known when and where the land slides would most probably take place, and then some measures would be taken in time to protect the slopes.

Key words:

ChenCun Reservoir; the type of landslides; precipitation parameter; fuzzy assessment

The Alluvial Fans along the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain

Abstract:

There are many alluvial fans developed along the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. Under the control of climate, mountain features and the Huanghe River, the fans have many different characters comparing with the fans of other region, such as conglomerate with boulders on the surface, big slope and abrupt slope change, salt lake or swamp, sand dunes at the margin of the fans. And also there are many different features among the fans themselves. Dawukou alluvial fan, located at the north end of the study area, has fine sediments, big fan area, flat slope and typical morphology. In front of the middle segment of the mountain, there is Dashuigou alluvial fan with coarse sediment, moderate slope and less fan area. Helankou alluvial fan, at the south segment of the mountainside, consists of coarse sediment, steep slope and moderate fan area. This paper describes the geomorphology, sediments, fan size, fan figure and depositional structure of the fans along the eastern foot of Heln Mountain. In study of the relationship of the fan features and the source basin features we got such relations as: A_f =6.245A_d^1.09h^1.33 and r=10.67A_d^-0.27h^0.39 (A_f:fan area, A_d:source basin area, h:relief, r:fan slope). And we concluded that the main factor affecting the fan area and slope of this region is the relief of Helan mountain.

Key words:

alluvial fan; Helan mountain; relief

The Sedimentary Facies and Paleotopography of Wangfujing Oriental Plaza Site, Beijing

Abstract:

The sedimentary characteristics and facies of the cultural layers in the late Paleolithic period of the late Late-Pleistocene in the Wangfujing Oriental Plaza site were studied based on the comparison and analysis of the typical sedimentation profile of the site and more than 150 stratigraphic data. The paleo-geomorphic surfaces during the periods of 2.2*10⁴ a B.P. were rediscovered. The study suggests that the ancients must have acted in the sandy islands of alluvial fans, which were evolved in relatively steady water flows during the interglacial stage with slightly warming in the last glacial epoch. The cause of the absent of human activities between the upper and lower cultural layers in an interval of about 3.14*10³ a has also been discussed in detail. It is concluded that this was resulted from the strengthening and unstable water flow. The potential former settlements or camping sites of the ancients prior to moving to this area are also discussed. It is suggested that they might came from other higher dissected old alluvial fan platforms evolved at the same period or earlier in the western part of the plain. These results provide evidences for the reconstruction of the geomorphic environment of Beijing plain during the Late Pleistocene and the study of prehistoric human history.

Key words:

Wangfujing oriental plaza site stratigraphy; late paleolithic; sedimentary facies; paleotopography

Effect of Aeration of Hong Kong Sediment on Lead Binding

Abstract:

Acid-Volatile Sulfide (AVS) has been shown to be the largest part of the activity of total sulfide content in anoxic sediments. Acid-Volatile Sulfide (AVS) controls the concentration of heavy metals in pore water of reduction phase sediments and it forms sulfide with heavy metals again, and effects the chemical species of heavy metals in sediments. Study has been proven to be the dominant phase AVS reacting with heavy metals. Change of AVS can occur either through human activities, such as dredging waterways and harbors, or by natural phenoment, such as resuspension due to storms and changes in sediment Chemistry. The study passed a series of laboratory aeration experiments for 32 days, effect of probe the change of sulfide content on lead. The result shows that aeration of sediments results in rapid decrease of the (AVS). At the same time, distinct changes also occurred in the values of Pb, E_h, DO, and pH.

Key words:

Hong Kong; sediment; AVS; lead; aeration

A Technique on Automatic Compression and Recovery of Fundamental GIS Spatial Data on Varying Map Scale

Abstract:

Based on the traditional theory of cartographic generalization, this paper has proposed a relatively systematic, scientific and practical model of quantity selection of spatial objects. It is based mainly on spatial features properties and can be used to compress and recover geographic information in forms of vector automatically in accordance with the map scale. Then through the experiment of multiscale GIS with a set of maps in the region of Dalian, Liaoning province, this model and technique have been proved valuable and relatively successful.

Key words:

cartographic generalization; data processing on varying map scale; quantitative selecting model of geographic elements

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